FreeBSD

Pengantar

I. Permulaan

1. Pengenalan

1.1 Ringkasan

1.2 Selamat datang di FreeBSD!

1.3 Mengenai Proyek FreeBSD

2. Instalasi FreeBSD

2.1 Sinopsis 2.2 Kebutuhuan Hardware 2.3 Pre-installation Tasks 2.4 Memulai Instalasi 2.5 Pengenalan Sysinstall 2.6 Allocating Disk Space 2.7 Memilih Apa Yang Ingin di-Install 2.8 Memilih Media Instalasi 2.9 Melakukan Instalasi 2.10 Pasca Instalasi 2.11 Pemecahan Masalah 2.12 Panduan Instalasi Mahir 2.13 Menyiapkan Media Instalasi Sendiri

3. UNIX Basics

3.1 Synop 3.2 Virtual Consoles and Terminals 3.3 Permissions 3.4 Directory Structure 3.5 Disk Organization 3.6 Mounting and Unmounting File Systems 3.7 Processes 3.8 Daemons, Signals, and Killing Processes 3.9 Shells 3.10 Text Editors 3.11 Devices and Device Nodes 3.12 Binary Formats 3.13 For More Information

4. Installing Applications: Packages and Ports

4.1 Synopsis 4.2 Overview of Software Installation 4.3 Finding Your Application 4.4 Using the Packages System 4.5 Using the Ports Collection 4.6 Post-installation Activities 4.7 Dealing with Broken Ports

5 The X Window System

5.1 Synopsis 5.2 Understanding X 5.3 Installing X11 5.4 X11 Configuration 5.5 Using Fonts in X11 5.6 The X Display Manager 5.7 Desktop Environments

II. Common Tasks

6 Desktop Applications

6.1 Synopsis 6.2 Browsers 6.3 Productivity 6.4 Document Viewers 6.5 Finance 6.6 Summary

7 Multimedia

7.1 Synopsis 7.2 Setting Up the Sound Card 7.3 MP3 Audio 7.4 Video Playback 7.5 Setting Up TV Cards 7.6 Image Scanners

8 Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel

8.1 Synopsis 8.2 Why Build a Custom Kernel? 8.3 Finding the System Hardware 8.4 Building and Installing a Custom Kernel 8.5 The Configuration File 8.6 If Something Goes Wrong

9 Printing

9.1 Synopsis 9.2 Introduction 9.3 Basic Setup 9.4 Advanced Printer Setup 9.5 Using Printers 9.6 Alternatives to the Standard Spooler 9.7 Troubleshooting

10 Linux Binary Compatibility

10.1 Synopsis 10.2 Installation 10.3 Installing Mathematica® 10.4 Installing Maple™ 10.5 Installing MATLAB® 10.6 Installing Oracle® 10.7 Installing SAP® R/3® 10.8 Advanced Topics

III. System Administration

11 Configuration and Tuning

11.1 Synopsis 11.2 Initial Configuration 11.3 Core Configuration 11.4 Application Configuration 11.5 Starting Services 11.6 Configuring the cron Utility 11.7 Using rc under FreeBSD 11.8 Setting Up Network Interface Cards 11.9 Virtual Hosts 11.10 Configuration Files 11.11 Tuning with sysctl 11.12 Tuning Disks 11.13 Tuning Kernel Limits 11.14 Adding Swap Space 11.15 Power and Resource Management 11.16 Using and Debugging FreeBSD ACPI

12 The FreeBSD Booting Process

12.1 Synopsis 12.2 The Booting Problem 12.3 The Boot Manager and Boot Stages 12.4 Kernel Interaction During Boot 12.5 Device Hints 12.6 Init: Process Control Initialization 12.7 Shutdown Sequence

13 Users and Basic Account Management

13.1 Synopsis 13.2 Introduction 13.3 The Superuser Account 13.4 System Accounts 13.5 User Accounts 13.6 Modifying Accounts 13.7 Limiting Users 13.8 Groups

14 Security

14.1 Synopsis 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Securing FreeBSD 14.4 DES, Blowfish, MD5, and Crypt 14.5 One-time Passwords 14.6 TCP Wrappers 14.7 KerberosIV 14.8 Kerberos5 14.9 OpenSSL 14.10 VPN over IPsec 14.11 OpenSSH 14.12 File System Access Control Lists 14.13 Monitoring Third Party Security Issues 14.14 FreeBSD Security Advisories 14.15 Process Accounting

15 Jails

15.1 Synopsis 15.2 Terms Related to Jails 15.3 Introduction 15.4 Creating and Controlling Jails 15.5 Fine Tuning and Administration 15.6 Application of Jails

16 Mandatory Access Control

16.1 Synopsis 16.2 Key Terms in this Chapter 16.3 Explanation of MAC 16.4 Understanding MAC Labels 16.5 Planning the Security Configuration 16.6 Module Configuration 16.7 The MAC bsdextended Module 16.8 The MAC ifoff Module 16.9 The MAC portacl Module 16.10 The MAC partition Module 16.11 The MAC Multi-Level Security Module 16.12 The MAC Biba Module 16.13 The MAC LOMAC Module 16.14 Nagios in a MAC Jail 16.15 User Lock Down 16.16 Troubleshooting the MAC Framework

17 Security Event Auditing

17.1 Synopsis 17.2 Key Terms in this Chapter 17.3 Installing Audit Support 17.4 Audit Configuration 17.5 Administering the Audit Subsystem

18 Storage

18.1 Synopsis 18.2 Device Names 18.3 Adding Disks 18.4 RAID 18.5 USB Storage Devices 18.6 Creating and Using Optical Media (CDs) 18.7 Creating and Using Optical Media (DVDs) 18.8 Creating and Using Floppy Disks 18.9 Creating and Using Data Tapes 18.10 Backups to Floppies 18.11 Backup Strategies 18.12 Backup Basics 18.13 Network, Memory, and File-Backed File Systems 18.14 File System Snapshots 18.15 File System Quotas 18.16 Encrypting Disk Partitions 18.17 Encrypting Swap Space

19 GEOM: Modular Disk Transformation Framework

19.1 Synopsis 19.2 GEOM Introduction 19.3 RAID0 - Striping 19.4 RAID1 - Mirroring 19.5 GEOM Gate Network Devices 19.6 Labeling Disk Devices 19.7 UFS Journaling Through GEOM

20 The Vinum Volume Manager

20.1 Synopsis 20.2 Disks Are Too Small 20.3 Access Bottlenecks 20.4 Data Integrity 20.5 Vinum Objects 20.6 Some Examples 20.7 Object Naming 20.8 Configuring Vinum 20.9 Using Vinum for the Root Filesystem

21 Virtualization

21.1 Synopsis 21.2 FreeBSD as a Guest OS 21.3 FreeBSD as a Host OS

22 Localization - I18N/L10N Usage and Setup

22.1 Synopsis 22.2 The Basics 22.3 Using Localization 22.4 Compiling I18N Programs 22.5 Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages

23 The Cutting Edge

23.1 Synopsis 23.2 FreeBSD-CURRENT vs. FreeBSD-STABLE 23.3 Synchronizing Your Source 23.4 Rebuilding “world” 23.5 Tracking for Multiple Machines

IV. Network Communication

24 Serial Communications

24.1 Synopsis 24.2 Introduction 24.3 Terminals 24.4 Dial-in Service 24.5 Dial-out Service 24.6 Setting Up the Serial Console

25 PPP and SLIP

25.1 Synopsis 25.2 Using User PPP 25.3 Using Kernel PPP 25.4 Troubleshooting PPP Connections 25.5 Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) 25.6 Using PPP over ATM (PPPoA) 25.7 Using SLIP

26 Electronic Mail

26.1 Synopsis 26.2 Using Electronic Mail 26.3 sendmail Configuration 26.4 Changing Your Mail Transfer Agent 26.5 Troubleshooting 26.6 Advanced Topics 26.7 SMTP with UUCP 26.8 Setting Up to Send Only 26.9 Using Mail with a Dialup Connection 26.10 SMTP Authentication 26.11 Mail User Agents 26.12 Using fetchmail 26.13 Using procmail

27 Network Servers

27.1 Synopsis 27.2 The inetd “Super-Server” 27.3 Network File System (NFS) 27.4 Network Information System (NIS/YP) 27.5 Automatic Network Configuration (DHCP) 27.6 Domain Name System (DNS) 27.7 Apache HTTP Server 27.8 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 27.9 File and Print Services for Microsoft® Windows® clients (Samba) 27.10 Clock Synchronization with NTP

28 Firewalls

28.1 Introduction 28.2 Firewall Concepts 28.3 Firewall Packages 28.4 The OpenBSD Packet Filter (PF) and ALTQ 28.5 The IPFILTER (IPF) Firewall 28.6 IPFW

29 Advanced Networking

29.1 Synopsis 29.2 Gateways and Routes 29.3 Wireless Networking 29.4 Bluetooth 29.5 Bridging 29.6 Link Aggregation and Failover 29.7 Diskless Operation 29.8 ISDN 29.9 Network Address Translation 29.10 Parallel Line IP (PLIP) 29.11 IPv6 29.12 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 29.13 Common Access Redundancy Protocol (CARP)

V. Appendices

A. Obtaining FreeBSD

A.1 CDROM and DVD Publishers A.2 FTP Sites A.3 Anonymous CVS A.4 Using CTM A.5 Using CVSup A.6 Using Portsnap A.7 CVS Tags A.8 AFS Sites A.9 rsync Sites

B. Bibliography

B.1 Books & Magazines Specific to FreeBSD B.2 Users' Guides B.3 Administrators' Guides B.4 Programmers' Guides B.5 Operating System Internals B.6 Security Reference B.7 Hardware Reference B.8 UNIX® History B.9 Magazines and Journals

C. Resources on the Internet

C.1 Mailing Lists C.2 Usenet Newsgroups C.3 World Wide Web Servers C.4 Email Addresses C.5 Shell Accounts

D. PGP Keys

D.1 Officers D.2 Core Team Members D.3 Developers

FreeBSD Glossary

Index

Colophon

erwer

List of Figures

2-1. FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu 2-2. Typical Device Probe Results 2-3. Selecting Country Menu 2-4. Select Sysinstall Exit 2-5. Selecting Usage from Sysinstall Main Menu 2-6. Selecting Documentation Menu 2-7. Sysinstall Documentation Menu 2-8. Sysinstall Main Menu 2-9. Sysinstall Keymap Menu 2-10. Sysinstall Main Menu 2-11. Sysinstall Options 2-12. Begin Standard Installation 2-13. Select Drive for FDisk 2-14. Typical Fdisk Partitions before Editing 2-15. Fdisk Partition Using Entire Disk 2-16. Sysinstall Boot Manager Menu 2-17. Exit Select Drive 2-18. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor 2-19. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor with Auto Defaults 2-20. Free Space for Root Partition 2-21. Edit Root Partition Size 2-22. Choose the Root Partition Type 2-23. Choose the Root Mount Point 2-24. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor 2-25. Choose Distributions 2-26. Confirm Distributions 2-27. Choose Installation Media 2-28. Selecting an Ethernet Device 2-29. Set Network Configuration for ed0 2-30. Editing inetd.conf 2-31. Default Anonymous FTP Configuration 2-32. Edit the FTP Welcome Message 2-33. Editing exports 2-34. System Console Configuration Options 2-35. Screen Saver Options 2-36. Screen Saver Timeout 2-37. System Console Configuration Exit 2-38. Select Your Region 2-39. Select Your Country 2-40. Select Your Time Zone 2-41. Select Mouse Protocol Type 2-42. Set Mouse Protocol 2-43. Configure Mouse Port 2-44. Setting the Mouse Port 2-45. Enable the Mouse Daemon 2-46. Test the Mouse Daemon 2-47. Select Package Category 2-48. Select Packages 2-49. Install Packages 2-50. Confirm Package Installation 2-51. Select User 2-52. Add User Information 2-53. Exit User and Group Management 2-54. Exit Install 2-55. Network Configuration Upper-level 2-56. Select a default MTA 2-57. Ntpdate Configuration 2-58. Network Configuration Lower-level 20-1. Concatenated Organization 20-2. Striped Organization 20-3. RAID-5 Organization 20-4. A Simple Vinum Volume 20-5. A Mirrored Vinum Volume 20-6. A Striped Vinum Volume 20-7. A Mirrored, Striped Vinum Volume

List of Examples

2-1. Using an Existing Partition Unchanged 2-2. Shrinking an Existing Partition 3-1. Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names 3-2. Conceptual Model of a Disk 4-1. Downloading a Package Manually and Installing It Locally 11-1. Creating a Swapfile on FreeBSD 12-1. boot0 Screenshot 12-2. boot2 Screenshot 12-3. An Insecure Console in /etc/ttys 13-1. Adding a user on FreeBSD 13-2. rmuser Interactive Account Removal 13-3. Interactive chpass by Superuser 13-4. Interactive chpass by Normal User 13-5. Changing Your Password 13-6. Changing Another User's Password as the Superuser 13-7. Adding a Group Using pw(8) 13-8. Adding Somebody to a Group Using pw(8) 13-9. Using id(1) to Determine Group Membership 14-1. Using SSH to Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP 18-1. Using dump over ssh 18-2. Using dump over ssh with RSH set 18-3. A Script for Creating a Bootable Floppy 18-4. Using mdconfig to Mount an Existing File System Image 18-5. Creating a New File-Backed Disk with mdconfig 18-6. Configure and Mount a File-Backed Disk with mdmfs 18-7. Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with mdconfig 18-8. Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with mdmfs 24-1. Adding Terminal Entries to /etc/ttys 26-1. Configuring the sendmail Access Database 26-2. Mail Aliases 26-3. Example Virtual Domain Mail Map 27-1. Reloading the inetd configuration file 27-2. Mounting an Export with amd 27-3. Installing Django with Apache2, mod_python3, and PostgreSQL 27-4. Apache Configuration for Django/mod_python 29-1. LACP aggregation with a Cisco switch 29-2. Failover mode 29-3. Branch Office or Home Network 29-4. Head Office or Other LAN A-1. Checking Out Something from -CURRENT (ls(1)): A-2. Using SSH to check out the src/ tree: A-3. Checking Out the Version of ls(1) in the 6-STABLE Branch: A-4. Creating a List of Changes (as Unified Diffs) to ls(1) A-5. Finding Out What Other Module Names Can Be Used: